Tugas softskill 2 - Modals

MODALS

1. Can – Could 
  A.            Function
  • To show ability 
  • To suggest a possibility or to give an option 
  • To ask for or to give permission
  • To show impossibility
  • To ask a polite question 
  •   To show possibility
  • To show a past opportunity that was not realized.
   B.            Differences

Can – to be able to, to be allowed to, or possible. Can is a very common modal verb in English. It’s used to express ability, permission and possibility.
Could – to be able to, to be allowed to, or possible. Could is used when talking about an ability in the past or for a more polite way to ask permission.

  C.            Examples

 Can I use your phone? (Bolehkah aku memakai teleponmu?)
Could you please tell me where the nearest bank is? (Bisakah kamu memberi tahuku di mana letak bank terdekat?)
Note : In case of To ask permission. Could be more polite than can.

2. May – Might
   A.            Function

  • ·         To ask for or to give permission (formal)
  • ·         To show possibility
   B.            Differences 

May – to be allowed to, it is possible or probable 
Might – to be allowed to, possible or probable. Might is used when discussing something that has a slight possibility of happening, or to ask for permission in a more polite way.
  
   C.            Examples

Rina does not come to the class, she may get up late. (Rina tidak masuk sekolah, dia mungkin bangun kesiangan).

Luna might not be angry because I am her mother. (Luna mungkin tidak marah karena aku adalah Ibunya).
Note : To express the possibility of ( not 100% certain)

3.  Must / Have to
  A.            Function
  • To show probability or to make a logical assumption 
  • To show necessity
  •  To show prohibition
  • To show lack of necessity
  B.            Differences

Must – to have to, or to be highly likely. Must can be used to express 100% certainty, a logical deduction or prohibition depending on the context.

Have to - shows us that the obligation comes from somebody else. It’s a law or a rule and the speaker can’t change it.

    C.            Examples

You must not smoke in the classroom at any time. (To show prohibition)
Mike has to make up the physics lab he missed. (To show necessity)

4.  Shall – Should – Ought to
A.            Function
  •  To show advisability
  • To show advisability after the fact
  • To show obligation
  • To show an obligation that was not carried out
  •  To show expectation
  • To show an expectation that was not realized 
 B.            Differences
  
Shall -  is often used for insinuating suggestions, offers, determinations, certainties, politeness, requirements, obligations and necessities. “Shall” came from the word “sculan,” which indicates force or intense compliance.

Should – to ask what is the correct thing to do, to suggest an action or to be probable. Should usually implies advice, a logical deduction or a so-obligation.

Ought to - is used when we want to express an objective truth. In other words, ‘what is necessary, and cannot be avoided’. That’s why we usually use OUGHT TO when we are talking about laws, duties and regulations.

   C.            Examples

I shall not messages you tonight. ( To express a plan)
You should receive my letter in two days.  (To show expectation)
Everyone ought to exercise regularly. (To show advisability).

5.  Will – Would
    A.            Function
  •  To indicate future time 
  •   To make a promise or to show willingness
  •  To state a general truth 
  •   To ask a polite question 
  •    To ask a polite question
  •  To indicate a repeated action in the past
  • To indicate future time in a sentence that is in the past
    B.            Differences

Will - to suggest an action or to be able to
Would – to suggest an action, advice or show possibility in some circumstances


      C.          Examples

We will leave for the airport at 7:00 AM tomorrow. (To indicate future time)
Would you please call me later tonight? (To ask a polite question).

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